This paper will present the results of a field study that was conducted within a group of rural settlements on the Majevica Mountain in north-east Bosnia. The aim of the research was related to ethno-pedagogical problems and aspects of the process of growing up and upbringing in traditional Bosnian-Herzegovinian families in a rural society in the first half of the twentieth century. The research seeks to achieve insight into the processes of growing up and the most significant patterns of upbringing that followed these processes and which were modified and partially lost in the second half of the twentieth century. The method of intensive interviews has been used during the research and the relevant data was collected in direct contact with narrators (examinees) who were born between 1900 and 1945. The most important determinants of family upbringing in a traditional rural society are presented through descriptions of educational actions related to the birth of a child, preserving the life and health of a newborn and encouraging his spiritual and physical development, the position of the child within the family, the relationship with the parents and other elders in the environment, the children's attitude towards their peers, and attitudes towards values, work and property. In addition, the importance of the children’s work responsibilities is presented, their games and religious upbringing within the family upbringing, as well as the educational provision related to the attitude towards orphans and illegitimate children, and the taking care of the spiritual and physical health and personal hygiene of the children.