Aim: The examination of the topic of the protection of the mother and child in the interwar period, taking into consideration,particularly,undesired and difficult maternity and threats to childhood on the basis of trade magazines “Child care”, “Children’s life” and “Life of the young people”. Methods: Analysis of documents and printed sources. Results: The presentation of assumptions and the most important forms of temporary and institutional care of maternity and infants in the Second Polish Republic. Conclusion: The analysis of projects and practices of the protection of infants and maternity presented in the trade magazines enlightens the existence of propositions of concrete solutions for abandoned children and lonely maternity in the interwar period. The authors of this conception popularized not only the problems and challenges of the protection of maternity but also the knowledge about childcare itself. They helped to develop the background enabling the start of concrete actions. They promoted some less known but desired forms of social care like for example stations of mother and child care. Presented activities shaped the foundations of custodial pedagogy as well, especially as far as the conceptions and methodology are concerned.