Introduction. The issues of human sexuality are an extremely important area of educational activity and the needs in the field of sexual education seem to be currently beyond discussion. This obvious need for education results from a number of contemporary social phenomena, including the transformation of modern human communities into information societies. It manifests in immediate and unlimited access to many sources of knowledge, with the simultaneous problem of verifying their quality and truthfulness, as well as in a high risk of encountering harmful and dangerous content. The phenomenon of sexualisation of children, understood as attributing to them features of sexually attractive and mature people, while reducing the value of a person only to their physical characteristics and appearance, is also significant. At the same time, two highly polarized and mutually exclusive discourses on sexuality education (conservative and liberal ones) are present in the public sphere. The dispute in this context mainly concerns the needs, aims, assumptions, influence, forms, and content of people educating in the field of sexuality. And the discussion itself has a strongly politicized and ideological character. Aim. The purpose of this article is to present the theoretical aspects of sexuality education. Various definitions and relations between sexuality education and upbringing, types of education, and their effectiveness will be presented, as well as the history of the subject implementation to Polish schools. The most important features of effective and professional sexuality education and the tasks of the family in this regard will also be indicated. Materials and methods. National and international documents, literature on the subject. Content analysis.