Aim. This analysis examines the rights of parents in the school context. The aim of the research is to juxtapose the universal rights of parents (both European and Polish) with specific rights established in regulations governing school organization in Poland. Methods and materials. The study involves the analysis of two groups of documents concerning parents’ rights: 1) Universal rights, including the Constitution of the Republic of Poland, the European Charter of Parents’ Rights, the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights, the Declaration of Human Rights, the Convention on the Rights of the Child, and the Family and Guardianship Code. 2) Particular rights of parents related to current school law, including Education Law, the Teacher’s Charter, regulations on the organization of public schools, and regulations on framework school statutes. Results and conclusion. The analysis reveals a significant gap between universal rights, which provide parents with broadly defined privileges and responsibilities for the upbringing and education of their children, and particular rights, which, while detailed, offer only limited means for parents to assert their rights within the educational process. This study highlights the starkly different legal perspectives: universal rights position parents as key figures in their child’s education, whereas particular rights focus on detailed school regulations.