Introduction. As the child’s basic environment, the family fulfills many functions that focus on the comprehensive development of its younger members. In the first years of a child’s life, parents can already notice the first signs of their child’s musical talents, which remain in the stage of development until the age of nine. Then they undergo changes that depend on the internal potential of the child and the influences of the surrounding environment. At a later age, talents stabilize and are no longer influenced by the environment. Older children learn based on the established potential of musical ability. Aim. The aim of the article is to show the role of the family environment in the initial diagnosis and development of children’s musical abilities. Based on surveys conducted among parents of preschool and early school-age children, the most common ways parents understand the concept of musical abilities were established. Moreover, the importance parents attribute to their role in recognizing and developing them was also shown. The research presented in the article attempts to answer the questions: Do the surveyed parents recognise their child’s musical abilities? If so, then what elements of musical abilities are mentioned most often? Do parents assess their role in recognizing children’s musical talents, and, if so, how? Are parents taking any actions to support and develop their children’s musical talents? Materials and methods. The research conducted for the purpose of this article was of a preliminary, quantitative nature. The diagnostic survey method was used. The survey research technique was applied, and the research tool was an original survey questionnaire containing closed-ended and semi-open-ended questions. Results. The article presents the results of the conducted research exploration. It shows the trends that emerged from the quantitative analysis of answers, provided by parents, to the survey questions. This allowed us to determine what meaning parents give to the concept of a child’s musical abilities, what methods they use to recognize them, and what methods they use to support their development. Conclusion. Based on the research, it can be concluded that parents most often relate the meaning of the concept of musical abilities to several selected elements of these abilities. All respondents know that early recognition of a child’s musical abilities facilitates the full use of their developmental potential. They often support their children’s musical abilities by signing them up for additional, extracurricular music classes and practicing music together. Furthermore, parents expect support in the process of developing their children’s musical talents.