Introduction. The teaching of religion is one of the subjects in primary and secondary schools. Its essence is to implement a specific worldview. This message - in principle - is implemented in an authoritarian and uncritical manner. The problem is that junior class students are not reflective. Aim. The aim of the article is a proposal to develop a theory of religion pedagogy, which, by implementing the curriculum during religion classes, becomes a source of personality shaping and the emergence of (religious, denominational) identity. The theory is intended to contribute to: broadening the understanding of pedagogical (scientific) references to religion; increasing the sense of responsibility for the education and self-education of students by educators and theologians (catechists); indication of factors building identity, inter alia, so that they are reflected in the teaching process (education, upbringing, socialization). Materials and methods. Statement it is theoretical. Wherein, her conceptualization leads to the development of the theory of religious pedagogy and refers to phenomenology and the idea of practice in action. Conclusions. It is important that catechists and theologians cooperate with educators because the curriculum content shapes the personality and identity of students. The knowledge of factors influencing identity should be part of the program and process of education (education, upbringing, and socialization).