Aim. The human voice, both spoken (oral) and sung (vocal), plays a key role in interpersonal communication and the transmission of artistic expression. In the work of an early childhood education and preschool teacher, the spoken voice is a tool that influences, among other things, the effectiveness of the message, classroom management, and the building of teacher-student relationships. The singing voice, on the other hand, is used for presenting songs, singing with the class, as well as games and exercises in which the teacher presents single phrases or entire songs with the vocal voice. The purpose of the paper is to present a subject literature review and analysis of a sample study indicating the relationship between the incidence of occupational diseases and disorders of the vocal apparatus, and the specialty represented by the teachers studied. The aim of the study is also to present the influence of the application of voice hygiene and correct emission exercises on the prevention of functional disorders of the voice organ. Methods and materials. The method of data collection was a search of sources on the topic of prevention of functional disorders of the voice organ in the context of the specific work of an elementary education teacher. The article analyzed the literature of Polish scholars and referred to the international literature. Results and conclusion. The analysis of the literature on the subject shows that the consolidation of the teacher’s knowledge of the conditions for correct voice emission and systematic breathing, phonation, and articulation, exercises are necessary for the development of good phonation habits, which determine the decrease in the incidence of chronic occupational diseases. In the didactic activity of teachers, prophylactic interactions in the field of voice hygiene will also play an important role, minimizing the risk of the buildup of health problems and the occurrence of dangerous diseases, including cancers in the vocal tract.