Aim: School represents a specific cultural borderland, in which particular emphasis should be put on the analysis of the teachers, foreign schoolchildren and their parents as well as other schoolchildren. All this raises many questions. In this paper there is an attempt to answer several of these questions: How are the legal arrangements adjusted to the presence of foreign schoolchildren in the Polish educational system? What kind of competences are required to work with a foreign child? What kind of tasks and problems are imposed on teachers in the presence of foreign schoolchild in the classroom? Are teachers prepared to work with them? What is the scope of such work (e.g. emotional contact with schoolchildren, the capability to assess them, to help them study)? When do teachers feel the need for support in work with such schoolchildren? What kind of need is this? What could enhance the integration of foreign and Polish schoolchildren? What are the possibilities for improvement of the cooperation between the school and the parents of the foreign schoolchildren in teachers’ opinions? Methods: Desk research (i.a. legal documents, reports) and elicited data research (research of teachers’ opinions of foreign students, conducted in the public primary schools in urban and rural environments; the selection of schools – targeted; the research tool – survey questionnaire), Results: The list of problems and difficulties in the education of foreign schoolchildren is long, and it is not easy to either to finalise it or to set the problems in order of importance. Among them there are: language barriers; lack of competences or lack of their development that allows teachers to work with a foreign schoolchild; foreign schoolchildren assessment issues; intercultural accessibility or the lack of it in local environment (including school); psychological and developmental determinants of a foreign schoolchild. Conclusions: The issue of foreign schoolchildren is still under an ongoing diagnostic process. Polish schools usually have little or no experience in the field of working with the foreign schoolchild – the scale of multiculturalism scale in our educational institutions is not very great. Even if they have it, support for foreign schoolchildren still requires reorganisation and improvement (despite all the actions taken), therefore the need for systematic study of these issues is indisputable.