Aim. The present study focuses on the redefinition the concept of orphanhood with reference to loneliness felt by the child. Methods. The study used the analysis of the literature on the subject extended by the opinions of biological and substitute parents and the own observations of pupils in total and partial care facilities. Results. Redefinition of the concept of orphanhood and an indication of the felt loneliness of children from various contemporary families. Conclusions. Orphanhood is a term that indicates the permanent or temporary separation of a child from the family of origin, i.e., biological, or social orphanhood. Contemporary analyses indicate, however, that orphanhood has become a multidimensional phenomenon and is also present in standard families. All orphanhood conditions are associated with loneliness, i.e., a child’s subjective feeling of lack of love, security, and support. Since orphanhood and loneliness of children can occur in every family, it is necessary to focus activities on support and help for those who need it most.