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Teenagers as Victims of Cyberbullying – a Study of Secondary School Students at the Beginning and End of the COVID-19 Pandemic
1
Institute of Pedagogy, Faculty of Historical and Pedagogical Sciences, University of Wroclaw,
Wrocław, Poland
Submission date: 2025-10-07
Acceptance date: 2025-12-08
Online publication date: 2025-12-16
Corresponding author
Ewa Jurczyk-Romanowska
Instytut Pedagogiki, Wydział Nauk Historycznych i Pedagogicznych, Uniwersytet Wrocławski, Dawida 1, 50-527 Wrocław, Polska
Instytut Pedagogiki, Wydział Nauk Historycznych i Pedagogicznych, Uniwersytet Wrocławski, Dawida 1, 50-527 Wrocław, Polska
KEYWORDS
cyberbullyingsecondary school studentseducational functionality of the family of originBig Five personality traitsprotective factors and risk factorsCOVID-19
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
Aim. The aim of the study was to diagnose the frequency and character of various forms of cyberbullying experienced by secondary school students. The study aimed to capture both the scale of the phenomenon and its internal diversity, including the types and intensity
of electronic aggression. In addition, the experiences of girls and boys were compared, and the relationship between victimisation and selected personality traits (TIPI) and the educational functionality of the family of origin. Methods and materials. The study was longitudinal and involved 165 students aged 15–19. Data were collected using an online questionnaire in 2020 and 2023. The data was collected using an online questionnaire in 2020 and 2023. An author-developed questionnaire on vulnerability to various forms of cyberbullying was correlated with socio-demographic data, a test of the educational functionality of the family of origin, and the Big Five Personality Inventory (TIPI). Descriptive statistics, Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient, and the chi-square test were used in the analyses to examine categorical relationships.
Results and conclusion. After the pandemic, there was a decrease in incidental forms of cyberbullying and an increase in chronic cases. Girls were more exposed to violence that infringed on their dignity and privacy, while boys were more likely to experience confrontational and group aggression. Agreeableness, conscientiousness, and emotional stability had a protective effect, while openness correlated with sexting. High family functionality proved to be the strongest protective factor.
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